Compare San Marino (2005) - Libya (2007)

Compare San Marino (2005) z Libya (2007)

	San Marino (2005)	Libya (2007)

Administrative divisions	9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle	25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Age structure	0-14 years: 16.7% (male 2,482/female 2,328) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 9,255/female 9,943) 65 years and over: 16.9% (male 2,106/female 2,766) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 33.4% (male 1,029,096/female 985,606) 15-64 years: 62.4% (male 1,940,287/female 1,827,429) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 124,892/female 129,604) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides	wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Airports	none (2004 est.)	141 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 60 over 3,047 m: 23 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 2 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 81 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15 914 to 1,523 m: 41 under 914 m: 18 (2007)
Area	total: 61.2 sq km land: 61.2 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 1,759,540 sq km land: 1,759,540 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than Alaska
Background	The third smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco) also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends in the republic also track closely with those of its larger neighbor.	The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks from the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI began to espouse his own political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system is a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and is supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has always seen himself as a revolutionary and visionary leader. He used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. In addition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Libyan support for terrorism appeared to have decreased after the imposition of sanctions. During the 1990s, QADHAFI also began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya resolved the Lockerbie case. In December 2003, Libya announced that it had agreed to reveal and end its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction, and QADHAFI has made significant strides in normalizing relations with western nations since then. He has received various Western European leaders as well as many working-level and commercial delegations, and made his first trip to Western Europe in 15 years when he traveled to Brussels in April 2004. QADHAFI also resolved in 2004 some of the outstanding cases against his government for terrorist activities in the 1980s by compensating some families of victims of the Pan Am 103, French airliner UTA, and La Belle disco bombings. The US resumed full diplomatic relations with Libya in May 2006 and rescinded Libya's designation as a state sponsor of terrorism in June.
Birth rate	10.18 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	26.09 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $400 million expenditures: $400 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)	revenues: $35.85 billion expenditures: $16.27 billion (2006 est.)
Capital	San Marino	name: Tripoli geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers	Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	1,770 km
Constitution	8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution	none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in December 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino	conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya conventional short form: Libya local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma local short form: none
Death rate	8.07 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	3.47 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$4.492 billion (2006 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad Interim William B. MILAM embassy: Corinthia Bab Africa Hotel, Souq At-Tlat Al-Qadim, Tripoli mailing address: US Embassy, 8850 Tripoli Place, Washington, DC 20521-8850 telephone: [218] 21-335-1848
Diplomatic representation in the US	San Marino does not have an embassy in the US honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and New York honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu	chief of mission: ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ali Suleiman AUJALI chancery: 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 705, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 944-9601 FAX: [1] (202) 944-9060
Disputes - international	none	Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in the Tommo region of Niger in a currently dormant dispute; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	ODA, $24.44 million (2005 est.)
Economy - overview	The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of the most prosperous regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food.	The Libyan economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute about 95% of export earnings, about one-quarter of GDP, and 60% of public sector wages. Substantial revenues from the energy sector coupled with a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Libyan officials in the past four years have made progress on economic reforms as part of a broader campaign to reintegrate the country into the international fold. This effort picked up steam after UN sanctions were lifted in September 2003 and as Libya announced in December 2003 that it would abandon programs to build weapons of mass destruction. Almost all US unilateral sanctions against Libya were removed in April 2004, helping Libya attract more foreign direct investment, mostly in the energy sector. Libyan oil and gas licensing rounds continue to draw high international interest; the National Oil Company set a goal of nearly doubling oil production to 3 billion bbl/day by 2010. Libya faces a long road ahead in liberalizing the socialist-oriented economy, but initial steps - including applying for WTO membership, reducing some subsidies, and announcing plans for privatization - are laying the groundwork for a transition to a more market-based economy. The non-oil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for more than 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Libya's primary agricultural water source remains the Great Manmade River Project, but significant resources are being invested in desalinization research to meet growing water demands.
Electricity - consumption	-	18.18 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	-	21.15 billion kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m highest point: Monte Titano 755 m	lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Environment - current issues	NA	desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	Sammarinese, Italian	Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)	Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.3108 (2006), 1.3084 (2005), 1.305 (2004), 1.2929 (2003), 1.2707 (2002)
Executive branch	chief of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Claudio MUCCIOLI and Captain Regent Antonello BACCIOCHI (for the period 1 October 2005 - 31 March 2006) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December 2003) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent) elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term; election last held NA September 2005 (next to be held March 2006); secretary of state for foreign and political affairs elected by the Great and General Council for a five-year term; election last held 13 December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general elections are scheduled) election results: Claudio MUCCIOLI and Antonello BACCIOCHI elected captains regent; percent of legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of legislative vote - NA% note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and General Council) selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are 10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of a prime minister	chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister) al-Baghdadi Ali al-MAHMUDI (since 5 March 2006) cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held March 2006 (next to be held NA) election results: NA
Exports	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy	1.326 million bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, ceramics	crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals
Exports - partners	-	Italy 37.1%, Germany 14.6%, Spain 7.7%, US 6.1%, France 5.6%, Turkey 5.4% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)	plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 2.2% industry: 79.5% services: 18.3% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	7.5% (2001 est.)	5.8% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates	43 46 N, 12 25 E	25 00 N, 17 00 E
Geography - note	landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines	more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert
Heliports	-	2 (2007)
Highways	total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	trade data are included with the statistics for Italy	1,233 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	wide variety of consumer manufactures, food	machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, consumer products
Imports - partners	-	Italy 18.9%, Germany 7.8%, China 7.6%, Tunisia 6.3%, France 5.8%, Turkey 5.3%, US 4.7%, South Korea 4.3%, UK 4% (2006)
Independence	3 September 301	24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	6% (1997 est.)	NA%
Industries	tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine	petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.73 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	total: 22.82 deaths/1,000 live births male: 25.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 20.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.3% (2001)	2.7% (2006 est.)
International organization participation	CE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO	ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	4,700 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII	Supreme Court
Labor force	18,500 (1999)	1.748 million (2006 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)	agriculture: 17% industry: 23% services: 59% (2004 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km	total: 4,348 km border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Land use	arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (2001)	arable land: 1.03% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 98.78% (2005)
Languages	Italian	Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Legal system	based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on Italian and French civil law systems and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be held by June 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%; seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2, AN 1	unicameral General People's Congress (approximately 2,700 seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 81.62 years male: 78.13 years female: 85.43 years (2005 est.)	total population: 76.88 years male: 74.64 years female: 79.23 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 96% male: 97% female: 95% (1976 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 82.6% male: 92.4% female: 72% (2003 est.)
Location	Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy	Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Map references	Europe	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 12 nm note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north exclusive fishing zone: 62 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 17 ships (1000 GRT or over) 67,200 GRT/85,931 DWT by type: cargo 11, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Kuwait 1, Norway 1, Syria 1) registered in other countries: 4 (Malta 3, Tunisia 1) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Italy	-
Military branches	Voluntary Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar); note - performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance	Armed Peoples on Duty (APOD, Army), Libyan Arab Navy, Libyan Arab Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Jamahiriya al-Arabia al-Libyya, LAAF) (2007)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$700,000 (FY00/01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	3.9% (2005 est.)
National holiday	Founding of the Republic, 3 September (301)	Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Nationality	noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese	noun: Libyan(s) adjective: Libyan
Natural hazards	NA	hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Natural resources	building stone	petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Net migration rate	10.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines	-	condensate 882 km; gas 3,481 km; oil 6,916 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders	Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements; an anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile movement exists, primarily based in London, but has little influence
Population	28,880 (July 2005 est.)	6,036,914 note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	7.4% (2005 est.)
Population growth rate	1.3% (2005 est.)	2.262% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2001)
Railways	-	0 km note: Libya is working on seven lines totaling 2,757 km of 1.435-m gauge track; it hopes to have trains running by 2008 (2006)
Religions	Roman Catholic	Sunni Muslim 97%, other 3%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.044 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.062 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.964 male(s)/female total population: 1.052 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network	general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996 domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use	20,600 (2002)	483,000 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular	16,800 (2002)	3.928 million (2006)
Television broadcast stations	1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)	12 (plus 1 repeater) (1999)
Terrain	rugged mountains	mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Total fertility rate	1.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)	3.21 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	2.6% (2001)	30% (2004 est.)

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